摘要:

本文從天人的交互性出發，以「天人不相勝」為線索論證了莊子天論：莊子從萬物中證悟一種「天地精神」，作為其生命活動的原則與基礎。但這種「天地精神」的實現，必不能離開與人的修養工夫及與天地萬物的積極互動。在此過程中，真人能夠「入而一則與天為徒，出而不一則與人為徒」，又能「與天為徒而不失人，與人為徒而不廢天」。由此，人與天的關係，既在於天為人之生命的價值與意義提供了生生之源，從而成就了人之尊貴與莊嚴；又在於此價值與意義實現的過程中與眾人之謙下互動，從而使其德四達並流，交通共感。這便是莊子所提出的「獨與天地精神往來，而不敖倪於萬物」的天人不相勝之道。

Abstract:

The purpose of this dissertation is to explicate the theory of “heaven” in the Inner Chapters of Zhuangzi from the perspective of “interaction between heaven and human”. Zhuangzi digs out the “Spirit of Heaven and Earth” in the universe and makes it as the principle and basis of human activities. At the same time, the realization of the ideal has a necessarily close connection with practice and interaction with all things, especially with people. The authentic person can always keep his balance between heaven and human. Firstly, the authentic person can go with the “Spirit of Heaven and Earth” in the inner heart and be in harmony with people in their outside behaviors. Secondly, the authentic person could be a companion not only to heaven but also to human at the same time. Thus, the heaven signifies a spirit which provides the foundation of significance and endows human with dignity, also, when the spirit is put into practice, it is closely involved with amiability and integration with others. This is the central theme of “wander alone with the spirit of heaven and earth, but not look down upon all things” in terms of “Heaven and Human Cannot Overcome Each Other”.