Soft electronics for robust physiological sensing

Robust physiological monitoring under dynamic conditions is essential for wearable healthcare. Yet miniaturized flexible electronics suffer from pronounced interference in complex environments dominated by multi-field coupling. Soft-interface engineering offers an appealing path to decouple interfering physical fields and amplify target physiological signals. We report a universal thermal management strategy using an ultrathin, soft radiative cooling interface (USRI). Integrating radiative and non-radiative heat transfer, the interface achieves >56 °C cooling, conferring superior immunity of skin electronics to external thermal disturbances. Further, we implement a 3D directional sweat transport strategy through structure-device integration. A gradient-hydrophilic substrate accelerates sweat transport by 4000-fold, enhancing the comfort of ECG sensors and supporting high-quality 7-day continuous ECG monitoring. These approaches realize long-term stable wearable sensing. This study presents a physical decoupling strategy for robust soft biosensing and advances the development of multi-modal, high-power-density thin-film vital-sign devices for real-world health applications.